What are Mood Disorders?

by Charan Kumar K

A mood disorder is a mental health problem that primarily affects your emotional state. In this disorder, you may experience prolonged periods of extreme happiness, extreme sadness, or both. Some mood disorders also involve other lingering emotions, such as anger and irritability.

​For a diagnosis of a mood disorder, symptoms must be present for several weeks or longer. Mood disorders can cause changes in your behavior and can affect your ability to carry out daily activities, such as work or school.

Mood disorders include:

• Depression and its subtypes
• Bipolar disorder and its subtypes
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Mood disorders can affect anyone, including children, adolescents, and adults. Major depressive disorder is more common in women and those designated female at birth (AFAB) than in men and those designated male at birth (AMAB).

Mood disorders are relatively common among adults, with depression and bipolar disorder being the most common. About 7% of adults in the United States experience depression, while about 2.8% of adults experience bipolar disorder. Mood disorders are also common in children and adolescents, with about 15% having a mood disorder.

In general, symptoms of depression include:

• Feeling sad most of the time or almost every day
• Lack of energy or feeling sluggish
• Feeling worthless or hopeless
• Loss of interest in activities that previously gave you pleasure
• Thoughts about death or suicide
• Difficulty concentrating
• Too much or too little sleep
• Loss of appetite or overeating

Treatment for mood disorders depends on the specific situation and symptoms. Usually, treatment includes medication and psychotherapy (also known as talk therapy). Other types of treatments, such as brain stimulation therapy, may also be used.
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